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(Bracatinga)
INTRODUCTION :
Several members of the mimosa genus have been used as hallucinogens frequently throughout history (for example, the closely related M. hostilis was known since precolombian times by the Azteks), but M. scabrella appears to have no history as a traditional psychoactive plant7,8. Nowadays this species is used in Southeastern Brazil as fuel wood and to shade the coffee plantations.
Since a chemical analysis, in 1990, showed the presence of psychoactive tryptamine alkaloids in the bark of M. scabrella it has been proposed that this species could be used as the tryptamine-component in ayahuasca-analoques.
Effects
Psychedelic: euphoria, changes in visual and auditory perception, emotional disturbances and synaesthesias (phenomenon in which the senses become transmuted). Time and space perception are seriously altered. When the bark is taken as an ayahuasca-analoque, the reaction time is prolonged and hallucinations appear to be more vivid.
After taken large doses of ayahuasca-analoque one might feel a buzzing or humming in the ears, profuse sweating, drowsy and become frenzied for ten to fifteen minutes.
Autonomic effects: nausea, pupilairy dilation, tremor, retching, rise of blood pressure and body temperature.
Durationn :
The duration of the experience varies with the manner of administration: The effects during inhalation of the product (smoking) set of more quickly, but lasts shorter time than when taken orally (as an ayahuasca-analoque); when smoked, the effects set in immediately and last for approximately 30 minutes and when ingested the effects appear within an hour and last 4-6 hours.
Dosage and preparation :
This preparation involves an extraction process in which the active ingredients are transfered to a smaller, more managable volume. The product of this extraction may be inhaled (smoked) or taken as an ayahuasca-analoque by combining it with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). A combination of the active ingredients with MAOI result in a prolonged and intensified reaction; for this purpose three grams of Peganum harmala seed or four to eight half-foot pieces of Banisteriopsis stems should be provided per person. Ayahuasca-analoques may also be combined with cannabis and tropane alkaloid containing plants (Datura-, Atropa- and Hyoscyamus species) to alter the effects
 Figure: M. scabrella bark
According to a calculation based on the alkaloid content and psychoactive dose of the main constituent, 50-150 grams of bark should be effective (DMT in present in 0.03 % 6 and in combination with MAOI physiologically active in doses of 50 mg7).
Botanical aspects :
The Mimosa genus belongs to Leguminosae and comprises of approximately 500 species5. This genus is widely distributed throughout tropic and subtropic regions5,7. M. scabrella is a small nitrogen-fixating tree that is native to the brasilian rain forest.
This species requires a warm, moist environment (although it can resist slight frost) and can easily be cultivated through seeds and cuttings. The seeds should be scattered over the surface of the soil and after gently tamping them in, they must be watered. The temperature should be kept warm. When the roots grow out of the pot, the plants have to be transplanted. Usually the seeds germinate within a few weeks, but sometimes they keep germinating spontaneously over a period of months.
Figure: M. scabrella seeds
 Figure: M. hostilis seeds
Phytochemistry :
The bark of M. scabrella contains various methylated tryptamines (see table), N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline and b-carboline itself. The main active tryptamine is DMT; it is present in 0.03 %
Tabel…: Tryptamine derivatives in M. scabrella
Pharmacology :
The tryptamine alkaloids are of similar structure to serotonine (5-hydroxy-tryptamine) and have affinity for various serotonergic 5-HT2-receptors; these tryptamines are partial-agonists on the receptor subtype 5-HT2A (the receptor subtype 5-HT2A is involved in hallucinogenic activity).
Due to MAO (monoamine oxidase) these compounds they are under normal circumstances quickly converted into psychologically inactive aldehydes; in other words, these tryptamines are psychologically inactive when taken orally without a MAO-inhibitor. Because bracatinga bark contains tryptamines as well as MAO-inhibiting b-carbolines it might be possible that these compounds exert mutual potentiation and become orally active above a threshold dose.
Modifiers :
- Ascorbic acid (vitamin c) doesn't change the intensity of the experience, but it alters its quality: it increases concentration and decreases paranoid thinking. The user will also be less tired at the end of the experience.
- Alkaloids of the tropane-type (atropine, scopolamine) alter and intensify
the experience (also more dangerous).
- MAO-inhibitors and sympathomimetic amines (amphetamine, ephedrine etc.) have positive synergistic effects; they prolong and intensify the experience.
- Hashish or marihuana can also alter the experience. Usually produces a positive feeling.
- Tricyclic-antidepressants and a-typical neuroleptica that act as antagonists on the receptor subtype 5-HT2A (risperidon) antagonize the effects.
NOT to be combined with MAO-inhibitors
See monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI).
References
1. [Efron/ Holmstedt/ Kline, 1967]
2. [Forth/ Henschler/ Rummel/ Fostermann/ Starke, 2001]
3. [Glover, 1988]
4. [Hoffer/ Osmond, 1967]
5. [Hoffmann/ Schultes, 1973]
6. [Ott, 1997-98]
7. [Ratsch, 1998]
8. [Shulgin, 1997]
9. [Stafford, 1974]
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